Nutrition in-children vitamins deficiency - SlideShare Almonds Inhibits platelets aggregation. It is prevalent in societies whose main dietary staple is white rice. New WHA resolution to accelerate efforts on food micronutrient fortification, Launch of the COVID-19 impact on nutrition Analytical Framework, Monitoring flour fortification to maximize health benefits: a manual for millers, regulators, and programme managers, New electronic survey manual supports countries to combat micronutrient deficiencies, Third meeting of the FAO/WHO expert group on nutrient requirements, Fourth meeting of the WHO Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Group (NUGAG) Subgroup on Policy Actions, Second meeting of the FAO/WHO expert group on nutrient requirements, Call for consultant Development of capacity building and dissemination materials around the Global Nutrition Targets Tracking Tool, Call for consultant - Development of R&Shiny-based tools for nutrition data, Public Notice and comments on the first meeting of the WHO Guideline Development Group Food Fortification with Micronutrients, Malnutrition: Its about more than hunger, Double-duty actions for ending malnutrition within a decade, Tackling childhood anaemia in indigenous communities in Peru. 63, Body stores of Cobalamine- 2 to 3 mg Folic acid (B9) months numbness. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. Impaired vision Night blindness. 50, leafy vegetables. Vitamin | Definition, Types, & Facts | Britannica Digestive disturbances. 46, Leafy green vegetables. Carrots PPT VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISORDERS - University of Pittsburgh Maintenance of normal vision. Iron Fact Sheetexternal icon | Hierro Hoja Informativaexternal icon. 34, as L- ascorbic acid. A rare genetic disease-causing malfunction of the biotinidase enzyme also results in biotin deficiency. The RDA for vitamin K for adult males is 120 mcg/day and for adult females is 90 mcg/day. 51, NIACIN of bleeding in some persons. Prevention of anaemia. On 1 April 2016, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly proclaimed 20162025 the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition. gooseberry, citrus fruits such as limes, oranges and. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Nutrients & Deficiency disease - SlideShare Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small amounts. This work is framed by the Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition, adopted by Member States through a World Health Assembly resolution in 2012. The US Department of Agriculture has reports of the nutrient contents in foods, including all B vitamins, available at their website. Biliary obstruction . Children- 12 g/d Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia which is defined as low hemoglobin concentration. Diseases- It is still seen in poor urban US, Africa and Asia. The U.S government also began fortifying foods with specific nutrients to prevent deficiencies common at the time, such as adding iodine to salt to prevent goiter, and adding folic acid to grain products to reduce birth defects during pregnancy. Contains minerals :zinc, magnesium, Green vegetables Another deficiency syndrome is the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome characterized by disorientation, amnesia, jerky eye movements, and staggering gait. mouth. 29, Factors - [2] Chemists worked to identify a vitamins chemical structure so it could be replicated. Maintenance of normal vision. Meat, Fish, Egg & Dairy Products Wheat Bran Fatal Circulatory Collapse The water-soluble B vitamins are involved as coenzymes in the breakdown of nutrients and in the building of macromolecules, such as protein, RNA, and DNA. Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin and is found as nicotinamide (niacinamide) or nicotinic acid. SOURCES This guideline provides locally adaptable, clear, evidence-informed global recommendations on the fortification of wheat flour with vitamins and minerals Flour fortification is the practice of deliberately increasing the content of one or more essential micronutrients in flour. Vitamins and their precise requirements have been controversial since their discovery in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Adult Females- 1.1mg/d Congestive Heart Failure To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. 67, counselling patients provides WHO IS AT RISK ? "Deficiency diseases are diseases that are caused by the lack of certain essential nutrients, especially vitamins and minerals, in one's diet over a prolonged period of time." Table of Contents Explanation List Vitamin Deficiency Mineral Deficiency Prevention What are Deficiency Diseases? The size of red blood cells is normal or somewhat smaller but the hemoglobin content is lower. Whole Grains ABSTRACT Micronutrient defi ciency conditions are widespread among 2 billion people in developing and in developed countries. people. Skin coloration 13 vitamins are known, 4 fat soluble (KEDA) & 9 water soluble (C, Folate & the B group). Fatigue and joint pain. Eggs Breastfeeding is the best way to protect babies from vitamin A deficiency and, in areas where vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem, vitamin A supplementation is recommended in infants and children 6-59 months of age. nutrients considered adequate to meet Deficiency-coagulation defect due to hypoprothrombinemia and deficiency of factor VII resulting in hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Andersson M, Karumbunathan V, Zimmermann MB. Soyabean DISEASES. Stunting holds children back from reaching their physical and cognitive potential. Pantothenic acid(B5) THERAPEUTIC USE: Thiamine, one of the water-soluble vitamins, is especially important in glucose metabolism. Folate is especially essential for the growth and specialization of cells of the central nervous system. Soon after, researchers determined specific amounts of vitamins needed to avoid diseases of deficiency. People with sickle-cell anemia. Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia In the 1950s, most vitamins and multivitamins were available for sale to the general public to prevent deficiencies, some receiving a good amount of marketing in popular magazines such as promoting cod liver oil containing vitamin D as bottled sunshine. Vitamin D3 is one common supplement that many people use, and most multivitamins contain daily minimums of vitamin D as well. In response to the scientific evidence, the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) raised the RDA for folate to 600 micrograms per day for pregnant women. Meat Follicular hyperkeratosis The best way to cook thiamine-containing foods is in the microwave or by steaming. Hair loss It is relatively rare, but people who have liver or pancreatic disease, celiac disease, or malabsorption conditions are at higher risk for vitamin K deficiency. Folate is essential in the earliest days of fetal growth for healthy development of the brain and spine, Ensuring sufficient levels of folate in women prior to conception can reduce neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly, Providing folic acid supplements to women 15-49 years and fortifying foods such as wheat flour with folic acid reduces the incidence of neural tube defects and neonatal deaths, Zinc promotes immune functions and helps people resist infectious diseases including diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria, Globally, 17.3% of the population is at risk for zinc deficiency due to dietary inadequacy; up to 30% of people are at risk in some regions of the world, Providing zinc supplements reduces the incidence of premature birth, decreases childhood diarrhea and respiratory infections, lowers the number of deaths from all causes, and increases growth and weight gain among infants and young children, Providing zinc supplementation to children younger than 5 years appears to be a highly cost-effective intervention in low- and middle-income countries, When children are about 6 months old, it is important to start giving them. Retinol (alcohol), Retinal (aldehyde) are often called preformed vitamin A. Retinal can be converted by the body to retinoic acid which is known to affect gene transcription. biological functions. 2010;57(2):85-8. The USDA has an interactive database of nutrient contents in food. 58, B6 Peanuts Water SolubleVitamins- Children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable to the consequences of iron deficiency, Iron deficiencyis a leading cause of anemia which is defined as low hemoglobin concentration. 1. Stabilizing the appetite. The contents of this website are for educational purposes and are not intended to offer personal medical advice. 27, Olive oil, Soybean oil Vitamin B5 deficiency is exceptionally rare and may be caused by malabsorption. Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee, Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, eCatalogue of indicators for micronutrient programmes, e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA), Global database on the implementation of nutrition action (GINA), WHA60.21 Sustaining the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders, WHA45.33 National strategies for prevention and control of micronutrient malnutrition, WHA37.18 Prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia. Loss of muscle control, muscle weakness, Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: results based on zinc availability in national food supplies and the prevalence of stunting, Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of preventive zinc supplementation. Vitamin D3 - CHOLECALIFEROL. 2. Minerals are inorganic elements present in soil and water, which are absorbed by plants or consumed by animals. There is some bacterial synthesis of biotin that occurs in the colon; however, this is not a significant source of biotin. 43 It usually indicates recent and severe weight loss, because a person has not had enough food to eat and/or they have had an infectious disease, such as diarrhoea, which has caused them to lose weight. We obtain them from : followed by 20g/d(800IU) from food and Impaired blood clotting leading to risk Vitamin E Riboflavin(B2) Recommended Vitamins and deficiency diseases by keerthi Aiswarya Thomas 77K views73 slides Balanced diet People's Dental Academy and Research Center 9.4K views57 slides Vitamins deficiency of disease venkatparker 25.1K views24 slides Vitamin A and its deficiency Reshma Ann Mathew 109.5K views37 slides 33, It is common in adults. Slow healing of wound and fractured bone. 7, multivitamin should contain fat-soluble KOAGULATION Maintenance of nervous system. Helps body to fight against infections. Kraemer K, , Badham J, Christian P, Hyun Rah J, eds. Fatty Acid synthesis. Blurred vision. 5, or natural substances which can be Maintaining proper balance of sodium and 69, of vitamin Vitamins and Minerals | The Nutrition Source | Harvard T.H. Chan School Do B-Vitamin Supplements Provide an Energy Boost? SOURCES Grain cereals. Carbohydrate ,fat and protein metabolism. Iodine content in most foods and beverages is low. 64, Megaloblastic Anemia. Niacin deficiency, also known as pellagra, was prominent in poorer Americans whose main dietary staple was refined cornmeal (Video 6.3.1). billiary obstruction or small bowel Macrocytic anemia is characterized by larger and fewer red blood cells. 47, Energy production. VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISORDERS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation - PowerShow 3 !1AQa"q2B#$Rb34rC%Scs5&DTdEt6UeuF'Vfv7GWgw 5 !1AQaq"2B#R3$brCScs4%&5DTdEU6teuFVfv'7GWgw ? antibiotic therapy. DNA reproduction. Children with severe measles. creating sustainable, resilient food systems for healthy diets; providing social protection and nutrition-related education for all; aligning health systems to nutrition needs, and providing universal coverage of essential nutrition interventions; ensuring that trade and investment policies improve nutrition; building safe and supportive environments for nutrition at all ages; and. By 1912, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins determined from his experiments with animals that the accessory factors, eventually renamed vitamins, are needed in the diet to support growth, since animals fed a diet of pure carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and minerals failed to grow. Adsorbed with dietary fat plants. Frederick Gowland Hopkins and his Accessory Food Factors. Accessed October 1, 2011. www.britannica.com/blogs/2011/06/frederick-gowland-hopkins-accessory-food-factors/. Helps in clotting . Some of the health consequences of pellagra are the result of niacin being in insufficient supply to support the bodys metabolic functions. The feeling of more energy from energy-boosting supplements stems from the high amount of added sugars, caffeine, and other herbal stimulants that accompany the high doses of B vitamins. Riboflavin suggested for: Also, it functions to release glucose from glycogen in the catabolic pathway of glycogenolysis and is required by enzymes for the synthesis of multiple neurotransmitters and hemoglobin. Biotin Effect of zinc supplementation on growth outcomes in children under 5 years of age. Proximal Myopathy phosphorous. excess calcium in the blood. Avoid trans fat. sources of carotenes. Death Abnormal Gait Produce energy. Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin, so it is not stored in the body and excess consumption increases its excretion in the urine. Any water-soluble vitamins unused by the body is primarily lost through urine. intestine). Adult Females- 700g/d > On 1 April 2016, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly proclaimed 20162025 the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition. VITAMINS AND DEFICIENCY DISEASES AISWARYA THOMAS 2nd year Pharm D 1 ; INTRODUCTION Vitamins are organic compounds required in the diet in small quantities to perform biological functions. 55, B6 Summarize the role of the B vitamins in metabolism. Fat SolubleVitamins- 66, Do not sell or share my personal information, VITAMINS AND Xerophthalmia ( dry eye ). connective tissue) - Confabulatory Psychosis Egg Characterised by 4Ds SOURCES Pregnant & Lactating Females-500 g/d Vitamins and minerals play a different kind of role in energy metabolism; they are required as functional parts of enzymes involved in energy release and storage. a day for 5 days Fatigue and joint pain. Around 45% of deaths among children under 5 years of age are linked to undernutrition. There are two forms of beriberi, wet and dry. Signs and symptoms include fatigue or weakness, irritability, gastrointestinal distress, numbness, muscle pain, and cramps. 40, of seven water-soluble vitamins : The developmental, economic, social, and medical impacts of the global burden of malnutrition are serious and lasting, for individuals and their families, for communities and for countries. Coenzymes and cofactors are essential in catabolic pathways and play a role in many anabolic pathways too. Pyridoxine(B6) RDA- Males- 120g/d, Females- 90g/d, Children VITAMIN K The K is derived from the German word Koagulation. 25, E Therefore, rapidly dividing cells are most affected by folate deficiency. women. 1.9 billion adults are overweight or obese, while 462 million are underweight. The more veggies and the greater the variety the better. liver. Whole grains, enriched flour products, milk and green leafy vegetables are good sources of this vitamin. Severe birth defects. Body to fight against infections. 33, Source) Dermatitis Adult Males- 90mg/d This is because a protein in egg whites tightly binds to biotin making it unavailable for absorption. Mango Helps in clotting . Electric current, potential difference and reietance [Autosaved] [Autosaved]. Organization and Management of the Special Libraries.pptx, Seminar on the Politics of Globalization and International.pptx, SET 1 - READING IN PROFESSIONAL CONTEXT.docx, what where how and when 6th class ncert meanings.pptx, organic compounds required in Excess vitamin D can damage heart. The American Thyroid Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that pregnant or breastfeeding women take a supplement every day containing 150 micrograms of iodine. SOURCES It sets a concrete timeline for implementation of the commitments made at the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) to meet a set of global nutrition targets and diet-related NCD targets by 2025, as well as relevant targets in the, Urgent action needed as acute malnutrition threatens the lives of millions of vulnerable children, Launch of the COVID-19 impact on nutrition Analytical Framework, Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee, Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition, Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013-2020, Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), UN Decade of Action on Nutrition 2016-2025. Peripheral Nerve Conduction. children. Bacteria synthesize menaquinone-3 Vitamin K2 Not readily excreted in urine. Combating malnutrition in all its forms is one of the greatest global health challenges. o " ? Do not replace a healthy diet. 11, 60 mg ofVitamin A in Oily Seeds, nuts, green leafy vegetables, and vegetable oils are good sources of vitamin E. The deficiency of vitamin E may weaken the immune system. Excessive loss: hemodialysis and diuretic 44, BERI-BERI. Children- 15-25mg/d recovery. Responds rapidly toVitamin Iodization of salt for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders, Folic acid helps prevent some birth defects, Folic acid to reduce neonatal mortality from neural tube disorders. To maximize B vitamin uptake, fruits and vegetables should not be stored for long periods of time, should be eaten more as whole foods, and vegetables should be steamed rather than boiled. Low height-for-age is known as stunting. Hydroxocobalamin at 3 to 7 days interval to , Do not sell or share my personal information. Needed for the generation of several clotting factors in the liver. Retinal ( vitamin A aldehyde) Last updated Aug 13, 2020 7: Vitamins 7.2: Fat Soluble Vitamins Skills to Develop Define vitamin Know the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins Recognize the names of each of the 13 vitamins Immunity. High dose can cause accumulation in the 2nd, VITAMINS Also, sunlight exposure needs to be limited to, Iodine is required during pregnancy and infancy for the infants healthy growth and cognitive development. Vitamin A Vitamin D Iodine Folate Zinc References Iron Iron is critical for motor and cognitive development. Vitamin K-2 (menaquinones . What does RDA mean? Increased immunity against infections in Cereals. 6.3: Vitamins Important for Metabolism - Medicine LibreTexts In the U.S., the National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) develops nutrient reference values called the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for vitamins and minerals. TEXTBOOK OF BIOCHEMISTRY The term malnutrition addresses 3 broad groups of conditions: There are 4 broad sub-forms of undernutrition: wasting, stunting, underweight, and deficiencies in vitamins and minerals. Hallucination 71, HARSH MOHAN. Fruits ,meats, poultry ,legumes . After years of observation, experiments, and trial and error, they were able to distinguish that some diseases were not caused by infections or toxinsa common belief at the timebut by vitamin deficiencies. 2mg/kg/d i.m dose phosphorous. 53, Energy production. 24, 800-1200mg/d - PPTX PowerPoint Presentation Children- 0.6 mg/d Diagnosis of iron deficiency involves CBC, serum ferritin and iron levels. platelet aggregation and interference with Production of red blood cells. 57, BIOTIN Improves circulation. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide(NAD) RDA- Adult Males & Females- 30g/d condition. Epithelial metaplasia and keratinization. Pregnant and Lactating Females- 18mg/d Beef Thiamin deficiency causes the clinical syndromes of beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 2 different syndromes that are different stages of the same disease including Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis.Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is seen in patients with alcohol use disorder 8-10 . Two naturally occuring forms : Retinoic acid ( vitamin A acid) Irritability. to be stopped one month before surgery. Thiamine deficiency, also known as beriberi, can cause symptoms of fatigue, confusion, movement impairment, pain in the lower extremities, swelling, and heart failure. 53, Produces energy. Source- green leafy vegetables. Excess in pregnant women -spontaneous abortion and Vitamins A, B12, and D are stored in significant amounts, mainly in the liver. Excellent dietary sources include meat, fish, milk, egg yolks, nuts and microflora production in the large intestine (colon). The World Health Organization recommends multiple types of interventions to address nutrition deficienciesexternal icon3. Despite the continuedchallenges faced fromCOVID-19 throughoutthe year, 2021 brought manyopportunities for Nutrition and Food Safety By bringing nutrition and food safety together, WHO is better positioned to respond to the double burden of malnutrition and its determinants. resolution of symptoms Assist in bone mineralization. Every country in the world is affected by one or more forms of malnutrition. To regulate body functions. 17, CALCITRIOL. Due to malabsorption syndrome. It is caused by red blood cells being unable to produce DNA and RNA fast enoughcells grow but do not divide, making them large in size. Nervousness , Insomnia 38, Leads to scurvy. specific sex, age, life stage, or physiologic Oral administration of Pyridoxine Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K) dissolve in fat and tend to accumulate in the body. Also, alcohol disrupts intestinal absorption of B vitamins. Limbs and Face Limit refined grains (like white rice and white bread). Patients with Abetalipoproteinemia- 5000- PPT VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISORDERS - University of Pittsburgh Metabolic functions. 59, BIOTIN Pregnancy and Lactation- 1.4 mg/d Vitamin D2 - CALCIFEROL Electrolytes. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Assist in bone mineralization. Fat-soluble & During the processing of white rice, the bran is removed, along with what were called in the early nineteenth century, accessory factors, that are vital for metabolism. and dairy products, EggYolk O- Ophthamoplegia & Horizontal Nystagmus Lead toxicity. Children- 0.6 mg/d NADH is the predominant electron carrier and transfers electrons to the electron transport chain to make ATP. 70, Food intolerance. 39, diseases. Maintenance of normal cartilaginous and 29, E causes : consumption. Vitamins and Minerals: Types, Sources and their Functions Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide(FAD) Riboflavin is very sensitive to irradiation and UV light, so this is the reason milk is not sold in clear bottles. 7.1: Vitamins: Basic Concepts - Medicine LibreTexts Stevens GA, Finucane MM, De-Regil LM, et al. Extremities Megaloblastic Anaemia. PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients required by the body to carry out a range of normal functions. Tachycardia, Laboured Pantothenic acid gait, decreased vibration & position sensation Slow healing of wound and fractured bone. 7.f-Magnetization-and-Demagnetization-of-Objects.pptx. This vitamin is easily destroyed by food processing.
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